What is the Internet?

The internet is a global collection of computer networks that are linked together by a device called routers and use a common set of protocols for data transmission known as TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet protocol). The primary purpose of the internet is to facilitate the sharing of information. there are many different tools used on the internet to make this possible. Some of the more common tools include email, list servers, newsgroups, telnet gopher, and the world wide web. Probably the most popular of all internet tools is the world wide web.

History of Internet

Began in the 1980s the internet as we know it today began as the ARPANET means Advance Research Project Agency Network built by a division of the Department. Many local area networks are connected to the ARPANET with TCP/IP. TCP – Transmission Control Protocol/ IP-Internet protocol was developed in 1974. The ARPANET was shut down in 1990 due to newer network technology and the need for greater bandwidth on the backbone. In the late ‘70 the NSFNET< the National Science Foundation Network was developed. This network rolled on supercomputers in San Diego; Boulder Champaign Pittsburgh Ithaca and Princeton. Each of these six supercomputers had a microcomputer tied to it that spoke TCP/IP.

Some important points

  • Internet uses the standard internet protocol (TCP/IP)
  • Every computer over the internet is identified by a unique IP address.
  • Ip address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) that identifies a computer location.
  • A special computer DNS (domain name server) is used to give a name to an IP address so that the user can locate a computer by a name.
  • For example, a DNS server will resolve a name to a particular IP address to uniquely identify the computer on which this website is hosted.
  • Internet is accessible to every user all over the world. because the internet is a global network of computers each computer connected to the internet must have a unique address. In the form nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn where nnn must be a number from 0-255. this address is known as an Ip address.

What is the world wide web?

The WWW is a collection of internet sites that can be accessed by using a hypertext interface. Hypertext documents on the web contain links to other documents located anywhere on the web. By clicking on a link, you are immediately taken to another file or site to access relevant materials. The interesting thing about hypertext links is that the links might take you to related material on another computer located anywhere in the world, rather than just to a file on your local hard drive. The world wide web was created by Timothy Berners lee in 1998 at CERW in Geneva.

 The basic concept of WWW-

Browser 

A WWW or web browser is application software on your computer that allows you to access the world wide web. when a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then display the page on the user’s device example include Netscape navigator, google chrome, and Microsoft internet explorer.

Hypertext and hypermedia

Hypertext is the text that contains electronic links to other text. In their words, if you click on hypertext, it will take you to other related material.

Html (hypertext markup language)

it is the standard markup language for web pages. it is used for creating a web document by using some predefined tag. And tags tell the browser what to display and how to display and how to display. Most tags must have two parts, an opening, and a closing part. Note that the closing tag has the opening tag, but has an additional forward–slash (/) character. all HTML documents must start with a document type declaration: <!doctype html>. The HTML document itself begins with<html> and ends with </html>. The visible part of the HTML document is between <body> and </body>.

Hyperlink, URL /web address

 A hyperlink, or simply a link, is a reference to data that the user can follow by clicking or tapping. A hyperlink points to a whole document or a specific element within a document. hypertext is text with a hyperlink. the text-linked form is called another text. hyperlinks allow the user to follow a path to other pages or sites on the web. every webpage, image, and video has its own unique uniform resource locator (URL), which is also known as a web address. when a browser visits a server for data, then tells the browser where to look for each item that is described in the HTML, which then tells the browser where it goes on the web page.

Website – a collection of web pages related to a person, a place, or any organization. The first page of the website is known as the home page.

Webpage

 A file is known as a webpage on the world wide web.

 Client and server  

 If a computer has a browser installed, it is knowns as a client. a host computer that is capable of providing information to others is called a server. a server requires special software to provide web documents to others.